RESUMO
Six studies (two pre-registered, total N = 1861) examined whether individuals would be more likely to give advice to close rather than non-close others against engaging in prosocial behaviours. The results consistently showed that participants were less inclined to advise close (vs. non-close) others to donate blood (Studies 2 and 3), to donate money (Study 5) and to engage in volunteer activities (Studies 1-6). Moreover, Studies 3, 5 and 6 also provided evidence suggesting that prosocial advice given to close others was more contingent on cost judgements than that given to non-close others. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of social influences on prosocial behaviours.
Assuntos
Comportamento Social , HumanosRESUMO
Puerarin, an important isoflavone, has been widely used for the treatment of angina and hypertension. In this work, we developed a novel electrochemical sensor for the detection of puerarin based on the hybrid of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The RGO/MIP sensor functions by target puerarin recognition and electro-oxidization via a two-proton and two-electron process, enabling the detection of puerarin with good selectivity and high sensitivity. The MIP layer was integrated on the surface of RGO by the electro-co-polymerization of o-phenylenediamine (monomer) and puerarin (template), resulting in high surface area, binding capacity, good conductivity and faster mass transfer. The nanostructure of the RGO/MIP hybrid was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experimental conditions involved in the sensor fabrication process were evaluated. Under the optimized condition, a wide linear range (0.02⯵M ⼠40⯵M) and a low detection limit (0.006⯵M) were achieved. The sensor was applied to detect puerarin in human urine and injection samples, and the result was comparable with that of the gold standard method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), indicating a promise in the further application to pharmacokinetics or therapeutic drug monitoring.